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WELCOME TO OUR WEBSITE
The museums of Britain and the rest of Europe hold significant quantities of colonised native peoples' human remains and cultural items. Many of these, whether exhibited or stored, were taken from indigenous communities and archaeological sites without permission.
We believe that indigenous people have the right to decide how the remains of their ancestors and items relating to their culture should be handled, stored, displayed and disposed of, irrespective of who holds them and where they are held.
Working in a spirit of mutual respect and co-operation with museums we undertake research to locate indigenous human remains and other objects of cultural patrimony. We then seek to establish their origin and provenance and try to trace and contact the indigenous nation from whom the remains originated. If successful, we ask them what action, if any, they wish to take in respect of the items.
When requested we will help to facilitate discussions between nations and museums aimed at achieving the repatriation of human remains and associated cultural items. We never charge for our work.
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Minik (above), was a survivor of six Inuit taken from their Greenland home to New York City in 1897. He, his father and four other Greenland Inuit were brought to America by Arctic explorer Robert Peary.
On 30 September 1897 Peary took them to the American Museum of Natural History to be displayed as live human exhibits. About two weeks later all six became sick with colds and fever and in November they were admitted to the Bellevue Hospital Center with tuberculosis. Only Minik and one other, Uissakassak, survived.
Uissakassak returned home to Greenland whilst Minik was adopted by the museum superintendent. He was told that his father Qisuk had received a proper Inuit burial but discovered his father's skeleton on display in the museum.
Minik died in New Hampshire in 1917. In 1993, the museum agreed to return the four Inuit skeletons to Greenland for proper burial.
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THE BASIS ON WHICH WE WORK
From the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
"Indigenous peoples have.... the right to the use and control of their ceremonial objects; and the right to the repatriation of their human remains.
"States shall seek to enable the access and/or repatriation of ceremonial objects and human remains in their possession through fair, transparent and effective mechanisms developed in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned."
In 2007 the United Kingdon government confirmed that it fully supported the provisions contained in the Declaration.
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AT PRESENT FOUR DIRECTIONS UK IS PURSUING 40 ACTIVE CASES INVOLVING 244 SETS OF HUMAN REMAINS & 76 OTHER ITEMS
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"An important element in the beliefs and culture of most peoples is that the remains of their dead should be accorded proper respect and treatment. For many indigenous peoples this means that the remains of their dead should be repatriated to their country of origin so that the soul of the deceased will finally find rest. The repatriation of human remains of indigenous peoples is not only seen as a spiritual necessity but essential to the preservation of their culture and way of life. Furthermore, many such peoples harbour a continuing sense of grievance at the way in which the human remains of their ancestors were removed from their resting places. Repatriation is seen as a way of redressing past injustices and of allowing a healing process to begin."
From the Report of the UK Working Group on Human Remains.
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LIKE TO HELP OR TO FIND OUT MORE?
Click here to send us a blank email to subscribe to our updates service and we'll keep you informed of developments on this website and in our work and let you know what you can do to help.
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All photographs on this site are copyright of Four Directions UK unless otherwise stated
Site last updated 19 April 2012
20120419
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